Druid Life-Power Connective God Hu

An Etruscan Calix-Krater Showing Hu 400's BCE


(November 18, 2024) Connective god Hu in his sun form surrounded by mysterious horse-eared, horse-tailed creatures. This multi-rayed image is the symbol of Hu in his sun form.
These horse-tailed creatures would seem to be the final personified form of the Centaurs. In Greek mythology Centaurs were a savage race of creatures being part horse and part human dwelling in the mountains of Thessaly and Arcadia. Other than that not much else is known about them. So far they are not mentioned in the runic texts.
This pottery is now at the National Archaeological Museum of Parma, Italy. Its find spot is not given online at: https://complessopilotta.it/museo-archeologico/i-reperti-greci-ed-etrusco-italici/

Hu Introduction

(December 31, 2024) Hu represents the male aspect of the middle layer of the Ancient Pagan Paradigm.  He thus represents the life-network in general which distributes the life powers from Alu and Kate to earth. Hence, he is more then just a simple sun god or rain god. He is both and more.

His chaotic bull rainstorm form thus also represented the life class of powers being integrated with the motion class of powers.

The chaotic bull rainstorm form of Hu became Celtic Lugh (Akkadian Lu.Hu meaning "lack of Hu") having the epithet of "Cernunnos" which is the Akkadian phrase ṢeR.NuNu meaning "Life-Powers from Chaos."

Other Pyrgi Temple Guest Room Figurines (Skadi on Right)
(December 20, 2024) Hu is shown in his horned chaotic rainstorm form on far right. These heads were found in the guest house rooms adjacent to the Etruscan Pyrgi Temple (600 BCE)The goddesses on the far right is probably Hu's feminine complement, the crescent moon and life network editing goddess Ayu. The goddess in the middle is probably Selu/Selene who is the celestial light goddess (stars, full moon)
The personification of deities in the absence of empire indicates that substantial trade connections existed with some middle-eastern empire or that the Etruscan culture descended from the Minoan culture.
(Olmsted personal photo from at Etruscan Museum in Rome, 2019)
Shining bull from Brittany France
Shining aurochs (male or female) from Brittany France (11,700 BCE). This early image from the late hunter/gatherer Mesolithic era combines the sun with wild cattle to represent the middle layer of the Ancient Pagan Paradigm. Clouds corresponded to a herd of wild cattle moving across the sky.  
The bottom image has an auroch superimposed over lines seemingly representing the life network. If so then it shows that this deity paradigm predated the Druid farmer culture of the Neolithic.
Naudinot, N. and all (2017) Divergence in the evolution of Paleolithic symbolic and technological systems: The shining bull and engraved tablets of Rocher de l'Impératrice, Plos One. Online at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173037

 Mesolithic Shining Bull as Hu  (11,700 BCE)

(November 21, 2023)  Hu likely goes back to Neolithic times as shown by this significant find which combines the shining sun with the chaotic rainstorm bull.

Sunlight, sun-heat, and rain were considered to be directly manifested forms of divine fertility fluids produced by the sun and clouds. The clouds were imagined as a herd of wild cattle which ran across the sky during a rainstorm, an association which has continued to this day. Hence Hu has a storm form as a stampeding bull.

The early adoption of this religious concept means it is also found in Mesopotamia and the Harapan civilization along this Indus river.

The correspondence of clouds with cattle has continued into the modern era as shown by this popular song.

This shows the connection between the life network and the bull. Now at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem. (IAA: 1937-876). Online at: https://www.imj.org.il/en/collections/394082-0

Bull Linked To Life Network (Megiddo, Israel 1350 BCE) and Bull Linked To 4 Layered Druid Spirals (Sardinia 3000 BCE) 

(November 21, 2023, updated December 31, 2025) The right image shows a bull over a life-network which associates the 2 concepts. 

The bottom image shows a drooling bull manifesting clustered divine powers represented by the druid spirals. This image was plastered onto a platform in a tomb on the island of Sardinia. The tomb is called the Domus de Janas Sardinia and dates to between 3400-2700 BCE. Domas" means "roundhouse" in Indo-European.

Two mirror imaged columns of spirals seem to have extended the length of the platform with small druid spirals between the larger ones. Druid spirals represent individual spirits or deities. Here they probably represent the birth of human spirits brought about by bull produced rainstorms.

Photo by Nicola Costangia via https://twitter.com/serbiaireland/status/1553386194704146433/photo/1

Horned Hu (Ba'al) from Ugarit, Phoenicia 1400's BCE

This image represents the chaotic rainstorm form of Hu. Notice the Druid spirals in the hair locks and the horns on the helmet.  One hand holds a club while the other holds a spear with a fiery end meant to represent a lightning bolt. A smaller 3rd arm is covering the head of a statue probably representing the act of anointing the king of Ugarit.

The stele was discovered in 1932, about 20 meters (66 ft) from the Temple of Ba'al in the acropolis of Ugarit, during excavations directed by French archaeologist Claude F. A. Schaeffer. 

It is now at the Louvre, number P1050759. Image from Wikimedia Commons at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:P1050759_Louvre_st%C3%A8le_du_Baal_au_foudre_rwk.JPG

Spear Holding Hu (Ba'al) from Ugarit, Phoenicia

Typical bronze spearman holding a spear. It dates to between 1550 and 1170 BCE). This was found in 1934 at Ras Shamra (Ugarit) on the Phoenician coast. Traditionally, these spearmen have been identified as Ba'al (the storm cloud form of Hu meaning "Great-One" in Akkadian). This identification is correct. Now at the Louvre, AO 17330 ; RS 6.264. Online at: https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010142083

The Codex Runicus, shown above, was written in 1190 CE during the reign of Danish King Valdemar 1 according to the old Danish writing on its front page. This important book is the last testament of the Druids and the most complete statement of their philosophy which exists.
The Codex Runicus is now a part of the Arnamagnæan manuscript collection University of Copenhagen in Denmark. The collection in its entirety consists of approximately 3000 manuscript items, of which 1400 are in Copenhagen.
The collection is named after its founder, the Icelandic philologist and historian Árni Magnússon (Latinised as Arnas Magnæus, in Danish Arne Magnusson). Shortly before his death in 1730 he bequeathed his collection of manuscripts and printed books as well as his fortune to the University of Copenhagen, where he was professor of Danish antiquities.

References


Photos from: University of Copenhagen's Interactive Online Scan with Zoom: https://www.e-pages.dk/ku/579/
Dictionary used is always the latest version which is found on this site here.  
Letter Chart Used: Rune (North European) Letters

Hu in the Codex Runicus From the Balkans 1190 CE

(December 29, 2024) The Codex Runicus describes the middle-ground Druid theology in which life powers can be properly associated with the magical motion/emotion powers. The life powers make the connection changes in the life network and the motion powers push the fertility-fluids through those connected threads/channels. This way dominate in Aegean Islands and mainland Europe. Contrast this way with the life power devotion of the Israelites and the magical motion/emotion power devotion of the Minoans and Phoenicians.

A debate between those devoted to the life powers and those devoted to the magical emotion/motion powers often breaks out during a drought when each side seeks to blame the other's powers for the drought. This has been good for history because these arguments have given us most of our archaeological stone texts because each side wants to write down their viewpoint on stone. Compared to other deities Hu is not often mentioned in the first 25 pages of the Codex Runicus.

  1. ... :  can arouse-emotions.  :  Thu nourishes that.  :  Nothing is lacking for Hu.  :  (His) Nourishments are lacking authorization.  :   The Indifferent-one (goddess Kate/Hekate) is not revealing nourishments from the eagle-vultures. (page 3, verse 2)
  2. Activate astrology-magic  :  and astrology-magic's manifestations.  :   Activate Ayu's involvement with Hu.  :  The weaving can isolate astrology-magic.  :  Ayu's activity is not being nourished.  :  Open involvement  :  (page 4, verse 2)

Etruscan Orcus Tomb 2, Image 4, Embarrassed God Hu Surrounded by Gods Alu and Su 490 BCE

(April 19, 2024, Updated December 20, 2024)  According to the text, the characters are right to left:

This scene shows an embarrassed god Hu standing between an old Alu on the left and a younger Su on the right. Previously these deities were misidentified as Vanth, Agamemnon, and Tiresias. Each plant in this scene divides the layers of the Ancient Pagan Paradigm which are represented by their main life class deities. The left plant has 6 nymphs representing the 6 known planets (eye-of-fate) of the sky shell between Hu and Alu. These planets are: Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. (Original photo by Rönnlund, Wikimedia Commons, 2012).

According to the text, the destroyed image behind the god Su should have been the underworld goddess Kate/Hekate. Presumably, Su's text would have been lower down and located in front of Su but that has also been destroyed.

Translation in Akkadian (Text Med 19.4)

(read right to left. Capital letters on stone. Inner vowels inferred)
  1. Nu  IGu  AZu
  2. Šu  INu  Qu  Ya  A  Lu.  Tu  EPu  Ya  A  Zu.  Hu  Lu  Zu
  3. ... [ ]Mu  E  Mu.  Du  UYu  Ya

In English

  1. The Revealer (goddess Kate/Hekate) associates with the Eyes-of-Fate (planets).
  2. Similarly, the Moon-eye (Su) is not threading this lack.  Astrology-magic (from Su) is not drying their emanations (rain).  Hu is lacking emanations.
  3. … .  the can make ineffective the fertility-fluids. Life-Manifestations are not being fated.

Etruscan Orcus Tomb Two Image 4: Storm-Form Hu Holding Spear With Deities of Fate (Kate/Hekate and Su) 490 BCE

(November 12, 2023, updated December 20, 2024)

The next image clockwise around the room shows three deities in a cloud. They are right to left: dark new moon god Su with a bear cap, underworld goddess of fate Kate/Hekate with snakes in her hair (symbols of life and death), and the manifestation/emanation god Hu holding the spear. (Original photo: Rönnlund, Wikimedia Commons, 2012).

Translation in Akkadian (Text Med 19.3)

(read right to left. Capital letters on stone. Inner vowels inferred)
  1. Nu  A  A
  2. Mu  EDu  Bu  IGu Na Pu Ya
  3. Du U Ṣu

In English

  1. Revelations (of fate) are are result of them (Kate/Hekate and Su).
  2. Fertility-fluids are moved by nourishing the eyes-of-fate (planets). The Revelations (of fate) are not being opened.
  3. Life-power-manifestations (rain, sunlight, sun-heat from Hu) are because of activity (motion powers)
Carthage Stone as display at the Carthage National Museum in Byrsa, Tunisia. Photo from م ض via Wikimedia Commons at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mus_Carthage.JPG
Carthage Stone being examined at the Carthage National Museum in Byrsa, Tunisia. Originally, this stone was likely placed in a temple wall. Photo from م ض via Wikimedia Commons at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mus_Carthage.JPG
  1. Lexicon Used: Alphabetic Akkadian Lexicon - 4th Edition 2023. Online at: https://hcommons.org/deposits/item/hc:55809/
  2. Letter Chart Used:  Central Mediterranean Letters
  3. Deity Summary: Ancient Pagan Paradigm

Translation of Carthage Stone Blames Astrology Magic For Drought (170 BCE)

(January 9, 2024) This text is is a debate concerning which class of powers is to blame for  a drought. 

In English (Med Text 13)

  1. (blames astrology powers) We are lacking the wool-stuffing (life network) because of the astrology-powers.  Is not that the same as astrology-magic?  Nothing is being purified  |  Open the irrigation of the life-threads by getting Involved.  Push-away the eagle-vultures.  Nothing of Hu's is manifesting the fertility-fluids.  The Reed-Boat (Ayu) can make chaotic the nourishing of Hu.
  2. (blames life powers) Fertility-fluids are lacking Thu.  The binding (of network links to motion powers) is lacking Thu and the Observer (Su). The Revealer (Kate/Hekate) is being nested.  Yahu (Y') can be shaped by the Observer (Su).  The Revealer is being nested by the enemy.  The Revealer is getting involved with the Reed-Boat.  The Revealer will respect the openings.  |  Nourish the dispersal (of fertility-fluids by the network).
  3. (blames astrology powers) Life-threads should be set by nourishments.  The Revealer (Kate/Hekate) can be intimidated by the motion-powers.  Hu can nourish the life-threads.  The Revealer is getting involved with Thu because Revealer is not being prodded.  Don't starve the weavers (who form the life network).  Network-birds can nourish life-manifestations.  Don't get involved in querying astrology-magic.
  4. (blames life powers) The evening can be involved with the group (network bird flock). We can set the nourishments. We can reveal the nest (network).  Yahu can reveal those nourishments.  The evening is not getting involved with the magical queries.  Astrology-magic is not lacking.  Astrology-magic is not lacking.  Activity (motion powers) can catch-the-wind with that. Emanations can be revealed them.    
  5. (blames astrology powers) Activate Hu's setting (of life-network at dusk, setting sun). Repel astrology-magic. Starvation is originating with the emotion-owls.  The Reed-Boat (Ayu) is nesting.  Involve the life-threads.  Query the setting.  The threads can be irrigated by Hu's fruit is because of these Reed-Boat (Ayu) powers.
  6. (blames life powers) The Reed-Boat (Ayu) can irrigate the Revealer (Kate/Hekate). Astrological-Activity is because of livers (emotions) being opened.  |  The Weaver (Ayu) is considering revelations (of life forms) involving the patrollers (planets).  Astrology-magic can replace the combing and the astrological-powers (in organizing the network). Scarce are the life-manifestations. Irrigate those Hu-powers.  The life-manifestations are the same.
  7. (blames astrology powers) Fate-Cursed is the revealing of fertility-fluids. The starvation is from paralyzing the nourishments involving the Reed-Boat (Ayu).  The Moon-Eye (Su) can make angry the astrological powers.  No one is observing the involvement.  No-one is considering activity (motion powers) is causing the lack of Ayu.  The lack is being administered by the astrology-powers. The irrigation-system can reveal involvement.  
View of plaque after crack repair. Now at the Louvre (number AO 2204): https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010127814
View of plaque from a Palmyrene sanctuary at Wādī Miyah, Syria, Louvre AO 19801. The outer 2 figures are the god Hu, left one is the horned rainstorm form, while the right one the sun form.  The center one is older having a beard suggesting it probably represents the god Alu.

Aramaic Text From Palmyra, Syria Is Against Astrology Magic But For Emotion Magic - 100 CE

(March 11, 2024) This. It says:

  1. Hu is not activating the drying.  Neglect wind-power's activation.  Resist astrology-magic.  The Originator (Su) has been revealed.
  2. Nourishments energize the dawn.  The dawn can involve astrology-magic.  Activity can divert the openings.  Activate the dawn and harmony.
  3. Hu can be opened. Astrology magic can be energized. Emotion-owls are the enemy of astrology-magic. Hu is similar to life-manifestations. Motion-Controllers (Su, Selene, Thu and owls) do not affect the high-power's fluid-channels.
  4. Except for seeding by the patrollers (planets), the tilling (of the life network) can also astrologically-empower the eagle-vultures. Emotion-owls cannot foreshadow the impressions.
  5. Redirect the the nourishments. Astrology-magic can emotion-power the nourishments. The patrollers (planets) are tilling the setting (of the life network at dusk). The astrological-powers are veiling Yahu (E')
  6. The tilling is fate-cursed by Su.  Considerations (focused magical emotions) can open Hu. Emotion-owls can become the nourishments. The patrollers are tilling for the eagle-vultures.
  7. Astrology-magic does not affect Hu's openings. Astrology-magic can open Su for tilling by the eagle-vultures.  Those can confuse the nourishments.

Previous Translation Attempt Accepted by the Louvre

"Alas, Samsigeram son of Nurbel, procurator. He has built this tomb: let no one open this vault to him forever. Otherwise, let him never have offspring or benefactor: it will be unjustifiable forever for him who opens it, and he will not be satisfied with bread and water

Winged Sun Disk

Mesopotamian Winged Sun Disk

 
Egyptian Sun Disk

Egyptian Sun Disk

Wings on any diety indicate it is a mid-layered deity.

 

Moon Bear As The Emotional Human Beast

(December 9, 2024) The Asiatic black bear is also called the "moon bear"  because it has a crescent shaped white patch. As such it represents both crescent moon life goddess Ayu and the celestial light motion/emotion source goddess Selu/Selene. Given its moon context its black color represents the dark new moon god Su.
Consequently, the Moon Bear represents the human beast,  the human in its pure emotional form. Bears have many human characteristics such as being omnivorous, having only 1 or 2 young, and being able to walk on 2 feet. 

Mosaic Bear at House Entrance in Pompeii

(December 9, 2024) Roman mosaic from the House of the Bear (VII 2, 45) in Pompeii. Here the bear representing the motion powers is shown wounded by a spear. Text above is "HAVE" which is not Latin. "HAVE" is actually Druid Akkadian Ḫ.AW.E meaning "Hu makes ineffective the emotion-powers." 
Image from: https://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Pompeii_-_Casa_dell_Orso_Ferito_-_Bear_Mosaic.jpg

The Frank's Casket From Auzon, France - 500 CE (Sun at the Top of Right Image)

(May 19, 2024, Updated November 16,, 2024) This is a replica of a casket called "Frank's Casket" because of the mistaken idea it is an early Frankish object. It is owned by the British Museum but is no longer exhibited. Museum number 1996,0701.1. Onine at: https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1996-0701-1_1
This photo is from the time when it was displayed in the British Museum. Photo by Michael Wal via Wikimedia Commons: Letter assignments by Olmsted. Online at https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Franks_casket_03.jpg

The remains of the original only consists of whale bone panel which are also at the British Museum with Museum number 1867,0120.1.  It was found near a small hillside town in south-eastern France called Auzon which is on the  Allier river which is one of the main tributaries of the Loire river. It is online at: https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1867-0120-1

The letters are in an early coastal rune style as indicated by the letter "H" having 2 lines instead of 1. 

The images start on the left with an metal smith holding tongs over a forge. He represents the life power which forms objects. Below him is a dead body indicating something is wrong with the formation of life. The letter "T" labels indicate he is being affected by astrology magic. In the past these "T" letters where mis-interpreted as Christian crosses. Most of the so called "crosses" on early runestones are actually Druid labels for astrology-magic. 

The metal smith is being handed a potion from two hooded people labeled as the "curses" or "crimpers" (crimping the flow of life powers is a curse). Astrology magic is being cursed. Ducks being strangled (necks crimpled) also seem to represent this cursing event.

The scene on the right shows the opposite with 3 people making offerings to the enclosed (earthly) life powers represented by a pregnant woman. This woman is either the crescent moon goddess Ayu or the life revealer goddess Asher (Contrast this to the Christian female divinity, the virgin Mary, who is anti-life from representing a virgin). Each person making an offering represents one layer of the Ancient Pagan Paradigm. Notice the duck is walking alongside the people making the offerings which indicates life powers are not being crimped. Above the people is a symbol representing the sun god Hu as a representation of the astrological power integration with the life powers. The star Sirius is also known as the companion star or dog star because it always accompanies the rising sun. The label adjacent to Sirius says this : "The Filter (Life-Network) is energized by the same."

Translation in Akkadian (Rune Text 30)

(read left to right. Capital letters on object. Small letters are inferred Inner vowels. Verbs are italic bold)
  1. E Ya Zu Lu | EGu  PaMu  A  (Rune 30.1)
  2. Pu  ḪaPu  EPu.  Tu  EMu  Su  Šu (Rune 30.2)
  3. MuTu  BaMu  Su  Šu (Rune 30.3)
  4. Ru  Pu  Su.  Du  ŠuPu  Zu.  Su  ILu  Šu  SaPu.  Gi  ITu  Du.  Pu  Su  ḪaMu.  Pu  Tu  Šu  Su.  MaMu  AQu  Šu.  Ya  ZaRu  Pu  Ṣu (Rune 30.4)
  5. ḪaSu  Pu  TaPu.  Zu  Bu  Ku  Tu (Rune 30.5)

Labels
  1. Tu (Rune 30.6)
  2. Tu (Rune 30.7)
  3. Wu (Rune 30.8)
  4. Wu (Rune 30.9)
  5. NaPu  Šu  Gu (Rune 30.10)

(Dual use letters are E/H, I/Y, U/W, and '/A in which vowel appears at beginning of words except for Yahu which is keeping its traditional Hebrew transliteration)
The emanations mentioned below are the manifested life fluids like rain, heat, and sunlight. Eagle vultures were the griffins of this era's European mythology.

In English

  1. Ineffectiveness is not caused by emanation's lack.  |  Neglect is from the night-noise.
  2. (Their) Openings are being purified by the Baker (sun god Hu).  Astrology-magic is being supervised by Su (dark moon god) similarly.
  3. The murders are being divided by Su similarly.
  4. Eagle-vultures are being opened by Su. Life-manifestations can be amplified by the emanations. Su can elevate the same community (life-powers). Energy can foreshadow the life-manifestations.  Openings from Su are being paralyzed.  Openings from astrology magic are the same as Su. The waters are expecting  the same.  Is not the distribution (of the waters) activated by the opening (of Su)?
  5.  The covering (starry night sky) can be opened by devotion. Emanations are nourished by involving astrology-magic.

Labels
  1. Astrology-magic
  2. Astrology-magic
  3. Crimper (of fertility-fluid flow through the life network)
  4. Crimper
  5. The Filter (Life-Network represented by the sun god Hu shown at the top of the image) is energized by the same.

Göbekli Tepe Pillar 43 Showing Life Network 9,600-8,800 BCE

(November 22, 2023) Göbekli Tepe is the homeland of the Akkadian speaking people who became the Neolithic farmers who eventually migrated into Europe. Pillar 43 has an extensive image showing the Ancient Pagan Paradigm as a background to a drought as indicated by the weak and dying sacred ibis.

At the top of the image is the sky shell composed of removable bricks (rope handles) so they can be removed to allow fertility fluids to pass through. The life network with its V-shaped channels is shown above and below the sky shell. This network is associated with the weak sacred ibis indicating that the motion powers are not pushing the fertility fluids through the network as they should.

Below the life network and holding the sun is an eagle-vulture. These were controlled by the goddess Ayu and they edited the shape of the network by cutting unwanted links.

Sacred Ibis As Shown On Pillar 43

(November 22, 2023) These birds are native to the Near East and Africa. Due to their white and black color and crescent moon shaped beak they became associated with the moon and its motion powers. The Egyptian god Thoth is patterned after this bird and also represents those moon powers. They nest in marshes but forage far afield. Consequently, they also became associated with water.

More at: https://avibirds.com/sacred-ibis/

Çatalhöyük Building 80 Life Network Painting

Çatalhöyük Building 80 Life Network (7500 to 6400 BCE)

(November 21, 2023) This photo shows a painting of the life irrigation network with its V-shaped elements from Çatalhöyük's eastern mound (7500 to 6400 BCE) located in southern Turkey but west of Göbekli Tepe. This is either a local irrigation map or a representation of the life network. This is an irrigation network as evidenced by the splitting of the channels combined with empty space. Çatalhöyük was located on a hill in the middle of a marsh in southern Turkey. This is good evidence that the Ancient Pagan Paradigm was being followed at this time.

Photo from Ian Holder’s 2014 flikr stream at https://www.flickr.com/photos/catalhoyuk/albums/72157647113315030

Neolithic Weaving Patterns

The weaving from the Neolithic period is more complex than that seen in the hunter/gatherer Mesolithic. This weaving style incorporates rope-like strands. The stick on the right is a digging stick made from  a branch of the strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) which is a shrub that produces a dense, hard wood. From: Martínez-Sevilla and all (Sept. 27, 2023) 

Neolithic Fish Trap From Netherlands 4300 BCE

Trap was made from the twigs of dogwood tied together with small twine. They were used to catch eel, perch, pike, and carp for cooking in clay pots.  This spot was a temporary camp where a family of the Swifterbant culture and their dogs stayed for a brief period each winter. 

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014. Artwork: © Roel Bakker.

Source and text: Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, National Museum ofAntiquities, Leiden. Online at: https://donsmaps.com/toolsmore.html

Neolithic Fish Trap From Netherlands 4300 BCE

Photo: Don Hitchcock 2014. Artwork: © Roel Bakker.

Source and text: Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, National Museum of Antiquities, Leiden. Online at: https://donsmaps.com/toolsmore.html

Network on a Stone at the Ness of Brodgar, Orkney Islands, Scotland 2900 BCE

(November 21, 2023) The Ness of Brodgar seems to be a large temple complex located between two large stone henges (Standing Stones of Stenness and The Ring of Brodgar). It has an exceptional website with 3D models of major finds. See everything at: https://www.nessofbrodgar.co.uk/

This stone was a ritual deposit along with other items below a reinforcing wall buttress. Other items were some ancestral bones from a human, a sea eagle (local eagle-vulture correspondence), and a carved stone ball.

Photo from: https://www.nessofbrodgar.co.uk/about/the-structures/structure-ten/

Carved Stone Ball As Found at Ness

(November 21, 2023) This ball was found with the network stone. The Ness ball is heavy and made from camptonite, from one of Orkney’s igneous rock dykes. Because camptonite is very hard, it would have taken some time, and a great deal of patience, to carve. It is similar to the Towie Ball. Photo from:

https://www.nessofbrodgar.co.uk/the-discovery/the-carved-stone-ball/

Ness of Brodgar Timeline

3700 BCE first evidence of farming

3300 BCE Earliest building (number 5) built 

2800BC Structure Ten at Ness of Brodgar destroyed and is rebuilt. All other buildings go out of use except to structure 10 

2450 BCE Nearby settlement of Skara Brae abandoned.

2400 BCE The destroyed remains of Structure Ten  was the focus of a massive feast. This saw the remains of at least 400 cattle placed in the passageway surrounding the building. A single sherd of early Indo-European Bronze Age Beaker pottery and a Bronze Age arrowhead was found in the layers just above the bone deposit.

The Fort of Structure 10 at Ness

(November 21, 2023) Structure 10 shown in red above was the last large structure to be build at this site and it was built more robustly than the others suggesting it was a fort to defend against the Indo-European invaders. The fort fell around 2500 BCE. The victors had a feast using most if not all of the local population's cattle and piled the carcasses into the fort. 

The network stone was found in the northwest corner.

The excavators put out a video on their findings in 1923 on YouTube. It is called "The Ness of Brodgar excavation - an introduction." Online at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ybAa8yYOT0I

Separating Network Masculine from Feminine

(November 21, 2023) Cattle horns exist on both female and male cattle. Being crescent shaped and white they by themselves represent the crescent moon goddess Ayu.  While male Aurochs are black and larger then the brown female not being able to color identify cattle leads to confusion. Hence cattle used in spiritual contexts were often modified for gender identification. This included showing male genitals, using only one horn for males (unicorn bulls), or making them more man-like.

Çatalhöyük Bull Horns

Çatalhöyük Auroch Horns (7,100 to 5,700 BCE)

(November 21, 2023) North end of large house 77 showing the raised platforms. One platform has wild bull (auroch) horns. Whole auroch skulls were sometimes buried in the houses. Çatalhöyük is in southern Anatolia which was on the migration path of the Neolithic farmers into central Europe.
Not being able to identify the gender leaves the deity identification uncertain. Was this ritual platform for the God Hu, Goddess Ayu, or the connective life powers in general?
Photo from 2008 excavation season at project leader Ian Holder’s flickr stream at https://www.flickr.com/photos/catalhoyuk/albums/72157608731868428/with/3009675029/And lecture at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmFKBf5OVoI

Brindled Bulls From Mycenean Culture 1400 BCE

(November 21, 2023) A black male brindled bull on the left (Hu) and a brown brindled cow with calf on the right. (Ayu)
From: https://giacobbegiusti.wordpress.com/2018/11/

Warrior Bull Representing God Hu At Gate of Bethsaida, Israel 850 BCE

(November 21, 2023) This figurine was made more man-like by making the bull into a warror. Thus it represents the rainstorm form of god Hu.
Bethsaida is on the shore of the Sea of Galilee. This dates to about the time of the Elijah drought with its resulting civil strife.
Now at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem. (IAA:1997-3451/980). Online at: https://www.imj.org.il/en/collections/371435-0
Brindled Texas Longhorn Cow

Brindled Texas Longhorn Cow

Brindle is a term for the striped pattern on the side. The ancients seemed to associate it with the life network.
Brindled Bull Rhyton from Cyprus

Brindled Bull Rhyton from Cyprus (1300-1200 BCE)

A rhyton is a vessel which pours water through a spout. This type of Cypriot figurine was common at this time. The water pouring is a aspect of the bull's chaotic storm power which brings the rain. Item not at the Harvard Art Museum: https://harvardartmuseums.org/tour/animal-shaped-vessels-from-the-ancient-world-1/slide/10651
Harappan (Indus Valley) Bronze Bull

Harappan (Indus Valley) Bronze Bull (2500 BCE)

This dates to between 2000 and 3000 BCE. Photo from: https://store.barakatgallery.com/product/indus-valley-bronze-bull/
Minoan Bull at Heraklion Museum Crete

Black Auroch Bull Representing God Hu at Heraklion Museum Crete 2500-1600 BCE

(November 21, 2023) On display at Heraklion Archaeological Museum in Crete. (Olmsted personal photo 2019). 
Bulls in Minoan Crete

Cattle in Minoan Crete 2500-1600 BCE

Goddess Ayu or God Hu? Red cattle heads were a common figurine found in peak temples but they were not the only ones. All food animals and even body parts were also found indicating these Minoan life class temples had expanded their role from just dealing with community concerns to dealing with personal level problems by getting involved with healing. The red color indicates life powers were being invoked.
(Personal photo from Minoan Heraklion Museum Crete)
Bull found at Ritual Circle, Israel

Bull found at Ritual Circle, Israel 1100 BCE

This bronze bull was found near the western wall of the site. This bull differs from the bull from nearby Hazor  which had extensions on the hooves to attach to attach it to something. This bull has well defined male  genitalia and deep eye sockets which may once have held semi-precious stones. The figurine is 17.5 cm. long and 12.4 cm high. It was produced using the "lost wax" technique with the  opening mark for the smelted bronze visible at the top of the neck.
It is now on display in the Israel Museum in Jerusalem. Photo from Mazar, A (1982) The Bull Site - An Iron Age 1 Open Cult Place.  Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. No. 247 (Summer, 1982), pp. 27-42. https://doi.org/10.2307/1356477https://www.jstor.org/stable/1356477
Unicorn Bull on Ishtar Gate of Babylon

Golden Unicorn Bull of Hu on Ishtar Gate of Babylon (575 BCE)

This unicorn bull on Ishtar Gate of Babylon shows the continuing cultural similarity between Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley, and Druid Europe.  Its 1 horn indicates it represents the god Hu instead of the goddess Ayu.
The Ishtar Gate was the eighth gate to the inner city of Babylon. It was constructed in about 575 BCE by order of King Nebuchadnezzar II on the north side of the city. It was reconstructed at the Pergamon Museum in Berlin. (image from Wikipedia Commons)
Babylonian Bull God with a human head

Babylonian Bull God With Human Head (1700 BCE)

Babylonian Bull with a human head dating to about 1700 BCE showing the lordification process which turned deities into human-like creature. (from Jastrow 1915 page 398a)
Jastrow, Morris (2015) The Civilization of Babylonian and Assyria. Online at: https://ia800200.us.archive.org/1/items/civilizationbab05jastgoog/civilizationbab05jastgoog.pd

Golden Bull of a Maykop Culture Chief (3,200 BCE)

Golden Bull from a Maykop culture kurgan dating to around 3200 BCE. This culture was located on the south side of the Caucasus Mountains. They became rich from selling metals into Mesopotamia. It is now at Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg, Russia. This interesting culture started out as Neolithic farmers suggesting they originally spoke Akkadian but that culture soon transitioned to the chiefdom culture (kurgans) of the Indo-Europeans just to the north. This mixing of cultures seems to have produced the Caucasus family of languages (Circassian, or Pontic, Georgian, Chechen)
Indus Valley Unicorn Bull

Indus Valley Unicorn Bull (2300 BCE)

This is a rare unicorn seal from Harappa has both the upper and lower sky-shells. This seal was found in the central area of Mound E and dates to Period 3B or early 3C, around 2450-2200 BC. 
Notice the stars around the lower sky-shell but not on the top yet the top has a fish net pattern.
(http://old.harappa.com/indus2/133.html)

Two Horned Bull with Chalice From Mohenjo-daro

(Feb 8, 2023) While most seals from the Harapan Civilization centered around the Indus Valley are unicorn bulls some bulls are shown with 2 horns. The chalice in front of this bull shows the more typical life network flowing into the under-dome.

Reference


Parpola, Asko (2008) The Harappan unicorn in Eurasian and South Asian perspectives, in Linguistics, Archaeology, and the Human PastOnline at: https://www.harappa.com/sites/default/files/pdf/Parpola_A_2011_unicorn%20%281%29.pdf

Cattle from Aegean Cycladic Islands 2100 BCE

(November 21, 2023) Now at Museum of Cycladic Culture. Found on island of Santorini, Greece. Online at: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MuseAckrotiriItem70-6643-wpd.jpg

Bull head on Lyre from Puabi's Grave PG_800, Royal Cemetery Ur - British Museum

Sumerian Bull with Beard on Lyre from Puabi's Grave PG_800, Royal Cemetery Ur

This beard identifies the bull as Hu. It is on 1 of 2 Sumerian Lyres (Olmsted personal photo from the British Museum). These bull figurine on a lyre seen were found at the Royal Cemetery of Ur, Iraq. They date to the Third Dynasty of Ur between 2050 and 2200 BCE. The beard on this bull head shows the beginning of lordification in which deities started to be seen only as humans instead of as powers. The beard is made from the rare lapis lazuli imported from Afghanistan.
The inlay on the right image shows a funeral parade with the divine powers of life and death represented by animals. The top panel has a hyena and a lion (chaos and order on earth) at the front of the parade bringing meat and drink for the deceased. Below that are some mythical creatures playing music. A dragon is playing the lyre. Below that is a singing scorpion man (paralysis power) who is trying to play a musical instrument but can't because of his claws. Beside him is a goat shaking rattles.
Bull head on Lyre from Royal Cemetery Ur - Penn Museum

Bull head on Lyre from Royal Cemetery Ur - Penn Museum

A different Sumerian lyre with bearded bull head representing the chaotic storm form of Atu. Penn Museum Object B17694. It is online at https://www.penn.museum/sites/iraq/?page_id=58#
Cylinder seal showing all the Sumerian life deities gathered together to fight an irrigation canal demon

Sumerian Seal Canal Fight Shows Ayu (Inanna, Ishtar) and Hu 2100 BCE (Text SX4)

(Nov 22, 2023) The above cylinder seal dates to about 2100 BCE. It has all the Sumerian connective level life deities gathered together to fight an irrigation canal demon.  

  1. Rejoice over the canals
  2. The pests are ejected

Starting in the left-middle and standing over the canal is winged Inanna (Ayu, Ishtar) swinging a bag likely filled with pollen (alternately it could be a pine cone also filled with pollen). Bees with their pollen carrying ability also transported life powers and so corresponded to Ayu. She is carrying arrows on her back for use by Hu.

To her right and left is her masculine complements, the rain cloud god Hu spouting streams of water and sun god Hu holding a bow. Attacking the canal demon leaping from Hu is an eagle vulture. Below Hu is a young unicorn bull which is another representation of Hu. The identification of the other gods is uncertain at this time.

Image is Adda seal from British Museum (museum number 89115). As usual they provide a false translation. It is online at: https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1891-0509-2553

Sun and Bull Images of Hu Together

(November 21, 2023) Sun images with its associated lion correspondence is mainly found in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Persia, and later Anatolia. Bulls are found in Druid culture and in its sister culture centered on the Indus Valley. (Both were founded by Neolithic farmers coming out of Mesopotamia, one group went west while one went east).

First Coinage From Lydia Shows 2 Sun Lions 650 BCE

(June 9, 2023) The dating of these first stamped coins is one of the most frequently debated topics of ancient numismatics with dates ranging from 700 BC to 550 BC. Lydia ruled most of western Anatolia before they were conquered by the rising Persian empire in 547 BCE. 
The Lydian stater was composed of electrum, a naturally-occurring gold-silver alloy; though the coins are often reported to be struck from this naturally-occurring alloy, they were actually made from a specific and rather consistent mix of approximately 55% gold, 45% silver, and a small balance of copper. This indicates that silver and copper were added to natural electrum in order to achieve a more durable and balanced metal alloy. Although the extra copper slightly debased the coin's intrinsic value, it allowed it to exhibit a golden hue, unlike the pale white-gold color of pure electrum.
Image from: https://www.worldhistory.org/image/5877/the-earliest-coins-from-lydia/#google_vignette

First Coinage From Lydia Shows Sun Lion And Unicorn Storm Bull 650 BCE

(June 9, 2023)  Because these coins were made from a mixture of metals they could not just be weighed to determine their value. Therefore the Lydian state put on an image and likely defined their valued by decree and accepted that value for taxes.
This coin shows the sun lion paired with its complement, the chaotic storm bull.
Image from: https://www.worldhistory.org/article/797/the-importance-of-the-lydian-stater-as-the-worlds/

First Coinage From Lydia Shows Sun Lion With Sun Above Eye 650 BCE

Empires Begin Their Attack on Nature's Balance by Attacking the Chaos of the Rainstorm Bull

(November 21, 2023) During the increasing chaos of the late Roman and Persian empires, the state and those who supported the state became antagonistic towards the chaos represented by the rainstorm bull. This is evidenced by the Roman empire became more sun centric with it new god Sol Invictus just prior to adopting Christianity during the 300's.  Corresponding with this trend was the rise of Mithraism among the Roman military which was centered around a bull killing ritual.

Mithras Killing the Bull of Chaos

Mithras Killing the Druid Bull (150 CE)

(November 21, 2023) The Mithraeum near the Circus Maximus in Rome had a detailed white marble relief showing the bull of chaos getting killed. In this image Mithra in a wind swept cloak is slaying the bull. Mithra who was a Persian Zoroastrian divinity of contracts and oaths is shown wearing an Anatolian Phrygian cap having a star at its peak. This cap derives from the snake cap of Mesopotamia which identified deities. This religion was especially popular among the Roman legions.
Four more stars are visible to the right of the god's head. A lion cub and the serpent are licking the blood from the wound of the bull. A scorpion grasps the testicles. On each side of the bull is a torch-bearer: Cautes (left) with a torch pointed up and Cautopates (right) with his torch pointed down. The two Corinthian columns beside them are pointed in the same directions are their torches. These likely represent the seasons with Cautes representing summer and Cautopates representing winter. Mithra is looking towards the sun while the crescent moon goddess looks away.

Lion Attacks Unicorn Bull From Persia (400 BCE)

This was found on a wall relief in Persepolis in modern day Iran. (Originally plate 18 in Shepherd 1930)

Reference


Parpola, Asko (2008) The Harappan unicorn in Eurasian and South Asian perspectives, in Linguistics, Archaeology, and the Human PastOnline at: https://www.harappa.com/sites/default/files/pdf/Parpola_A_2011_unicorn%20%281%29.pdf
Shepard, Odell (1930) The lore of the unicorn. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd 

Mediterranean Bulls became Northern European Horned Gods

Horned Storm God on Gundestrup Cauldron (150 to 1 BCE)

Transition From Bull To Horned God Shown On Gundestrup Cauldron (150 to 1 BCE)

(November 21, 2023) As the bull moved into the northern forests of Europe it changed from a bull into an elk. By the time this cauldron was made, lordification had advanced so much that Hu was now fully personified as a man with antlers. 
In this image Hu is shown holding symbols of the goddess Ayu, a snake in his left hand and a life ring or torque in his right. This life ring is also seen on images of the life connective goddess Ayu/Ishtar from Mesopotamia. On the life ring side are the plant eating animals while on the snake side are the carnivorous animals.
The horned god is seated to perhaps represent the connection between earth and sky.
Photo from National Museum of Denmark via Wikimedia Commons at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gundestrupkedlen-_00054_(cropped).jpg
Gundestrup Cauldron (150 to 1 BCE)

Gundestrup Cauldron (150 to 1 BCE)

The Grundestrup Cauldron is composed of a series of silver plates soldiered together. It was found in a peat bog near Grundestup, Denmark. The plate showing the horned god is an inner plate shown in the rear of this image. In general this cauldron celebrates life and prosperity.
Photo from National Museum of Denmark via Wikimedia Commons at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gundestrupkarret_F.I.7074b.jpg
Horned Storm God with Wings and Water Buffalo Horns from Mohenjo-daro, India (2600 - 1900 BCE)

Horned Deity with Feathered Wings from Mohenjo-daro, India (2600 - 1900 BCE)

In an example of parallel development, lordification advanced much more rapidly in the ancient Indus Valley. Their horned god had horns but horns modeled on a different animal. It also had wings instead of life symbols because wings still represented the connective layer of life deities of the Ancient Pagan Paradigm. Significantly, both representations had the god seated on the ground, perhaps signaling the connection between earth and sky.
Original photo from page 334 in Further Excavations at Mohenjodaro by E.J.H. Mackay (1938).Photo taken from https://www.harappa.com/blog/deity-seal
Horned Storm God in Water Buffalo Killing Scene from Mohenjo-daro, India (2600 - 1900 BCE)

Another Horned Deity Without Wings from Mohenjo-daro, India (2600 - 1900 BCE)

This seems to be an early simple seal as the horned god is shown without wings but in the context of killing some wild cattle.
Photo at https://www.harappa.com/indus/89.html
This stone has a length: 5.76 centimeters, thickness of 1.60 centimeters, and width of 3.30 centimeters. It was acquired by the British Museum in 1892. (British Museum, number 91013, Online at: https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1892-1213-9)

Sumerian Text Mentioning the Sumerian Sun God AN (2450 BCE)

(Jan 2023) The Sumerians also followed the Ancient Pagan Paradigm. Here AN is the Sumerian Hu. This stone was found in the Sumerian city of Sippar. This text was written on the expensive lapis lazuli stone imported from Afghanistan and would have been placed in a prominent place in a Sippar temple.  

Text reads:

  1. AN (Hu) is the harvest-chief. BU (Ba'al) is the fishing-ground
  2. AN is the plant-grower
  3. The Lady (INANNA, Ayu) reaps with AN
  4. The Chief (AN) is submitting to the music-maker (INANNA)
  5. The Chief supplies the life-forms
  6. The three (AN, BU, INANNA) are making fearful the strings (life network)
  7. Their words form the earth
Ulstad Lead Tablet. Photo by Mårten Teigen, Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo. Onine at: https://www.khm.uio.no/english/collections/runic-archives/index.html

Location of Ulstad, Norway. It is not too far from Oslo.

(June 25, 2023) This text on a thin lead tablet which would would have been displayed in a Druid temple. Text tablet from Ulstad, Lom, Oppland. It dates to about 1300 based on its letter styles. 

This text is blaming a drought on the lack of good integration between the life powers and magical motion powers. The first two lines blame the motion and life powers individually. The rest of the text goes to explain why integration is needed. (Letter assignments shown in images below.)

Translation in Akkadian (Celt Text 22)

(read left to right. Capital letters on object. Small letters are inferred Inner vowels. Verbs are italic bold) 
  1. TaBu  Gu  Ya  Tu  RuŠu  E'u  :  Gi Tu  SaGu  AYu.  Ta'u  IŠu  Šu.  Za'u  Ya  [3] (Celt 22.1)
  2. LaKu  Gu  Ya  PaYu.  Za'u  Gu  A.  Su  Du  E.  Ṣe'u  Šu.  Gu  AWu  Ṭu  A'u  Šu   IDu.  Gu  Su.
  3. Tu  Ku  Šu  AWu.  A  AWu  Pu  Ya  Du  A  :  Ya  Qu  AŠu.  Gu  Ta'u.  Gu  A  La'u.  IKu  A  Du. 
  4. IŠu  Šu  Za'u  A.  ETu  Du  IŠu.  IGu  Ku  Su.  SeLu  NuNu  UŠu.  E  ḪeSu  AWu  Ku  E[3]
  5. ILu  A  U'a.  Lu  EBu  Ḫu  EGu  Ya'u.  Tu  Di'u  IWu  IGu.  Ga'u  Pu  Bu  Ḫu.  Gu  TaBu  IGu.  L'  [2]
  6. RuGu  Ḫu  Ku  ADu.  Tu  Du  Ya {human figure}.  Qu  IWu  Ya  Gi.  Gi  IWu  A  Ḫu.  YaYa  BaMu  ESu.  AB  A [3 letters] some runes bound near the end
  7. Ru  SuḪa  Du.  Šu  QaŠu  E.  Ḫu  La  Šu  Qu.  A  Ku  Du.  Ya  Ḫu  LaŠu  Gi.  TaWu  Gu  Tu.  Zu  Ya L[4]T  Du  Šu  Ya.
  8. Bu  IRu  Lu.  E  IGu  U  E  Šu  EGu.  UYa  ŠaḪu  EṬu  GeŠu.  ŠeTu  YaYa  UGu  Du.
  9. A  ḪaWu  Lu  Du.  Ya  A  Ḫu.  UGu  RaKu  A  Ḫu.  Šu  AGu  Ḫu.

(Dual use letters are E/H, I/Y, U/W, and '/A in which vowel appears at beginning of words except for Yahu which is keeping its traditional Hebrew transliteration)

In English

  1. (Blaming magic) Arousals (emotion-magic) should not energize astrology magic for leading Yahu  (E'u) :   Energy for astrology-magic can make trouble for Ayu.  The pasture (starry night sky) can confuse the same.  Don't bake [2 words].
  2. (Blaming life-powers) The weak-willed should not be energizing the network-birds.  Baking is energized by them.  Su can life-manifest nothing. Blockages are similar. Energize the motion-powers. Thu's motion-powers will do the same for life-channels. Energize Su.
  3. (Blaming lack of integration) Astrology-magic's involvement is making motion-powers the same. Those motion-powers cannot open those life-manifestation-powers :  Are not the life-threads being expelled.  Energized the pasture. Energize the astrological-powers. Irrigate those life-manifestation-powers.
  4. Confusion is from making baking-powers (life powers) the same (as magic powers).  The boundary (sky-shell) confuses the life-manifesting.  The eye-of-fate (Selu's eye, glowing full moon) is involving Su.  Selu (Selene) is causing chaos with the foundations.  Nothing is covering-up the motion-power's involvement with [2 words]
  5. Those high-life-powers are fate-cursed. The lack of the sky-shell is from Hu (sky shell sun god) neglecting YaHu (Y').  Astrology-magic of the divine-realm can redirect the eye-of-fate (Selu's eye, glowing full moon).  Break-through the openings by nourishing Hu.  Energize the arousal of Selu's eye.  Astrological powers [2 words].
  6. The falseness of Hu can involve the Observer (Su). Astrology-magic cannot manifest {humans}.  Life-threads cannot be redirected by energy. Energy can redirect those Hu-powers. Pain divides the filtrate.  [sentence]
  7. Eagle-vultures are rebelling against life-manifestor (Yahu).  The same are gifting nothing. Hu is lacking the same life-threads. Those are involving life-manifestations.  Is not Hu influenced by energy.  The pasture (starry night sky)  can be energized by astrology-magic.  Don't emanate [2 or 3 words]   life-manifestations are not the same
  8. Nourishments for astrological-powers are lacking.  Nothing is for Selu's Eye and nothing is for similar neglected-ones.  Fate-curse's winds belch-out the darkness.  The life-network's Hu manifests death.
  9. This howling is from lacking life-manifestations. Are not those from Hu. Death is raking-in those Hu-powers. The same is angering Hu.